Diabetes Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Diabetes, including details on insulin, type i, type ii, diet, treatment, prevention. | ||||||||
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Effects of experimental type 1 diabetes and exercise training on angiogenic gene expression and capillarization in skeletal muscle.Kivelä R, Silvennoinen M, Touvra AM, Lehti TM, Kainulainen H, Vihko V LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Rautpohjankatu 8a, Jyväskylä FIN-40740, Finland. riikka.kivela@likes.fi Diabetes alters microvascular structure and function and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In diabetic skeletal muscle, impaired angiogenesis and reduced VEGF-A expression have been observed, whereas in healthy muscle exercise is known to have opposite effects. We studied the effects of type 1 diabetes and combined exercise training on angiogenic mRNA expression and capillarization in mouse skeletal muscle. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses showed that diabetes altered the expression of several genes involved in angiogenesis. For example, levels of proangiogenic VEGF-A, VEGF-B, neuropilin-1, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were reduced and the levels of antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 and retinoblastoma like-2 were increased. Exercise training alleviated some of these changes, but could not completely restore them. VEGF-A protein content was also reduced in diabetic muscles. In line with the reduced levels of VEGF-A and other angiogenic factors, and increased levels of angiogenesis inhibitors, capillary-to-muscle fiber ratio was lower in diabetic mice compared to healthy controls. Exercise training could not restore capillarization in diabetic mice. In conclusion, these data illustrate that type 1 diabetes is associated with reduced skeletal muscle capillarization and the dysregulation of complex angiogenesis pathways. Published 3 July 2006 in FASEB J, 20(9): 1570-2.
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